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Real time is highly demanded and certain packets drop is allowed.
Multicast Address
1. Multicast IP Address:
As specified by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), Class D IP addresses are used as
destination addresses of multicast packets. The multicast IP addresses range from
224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255. The following table displays the range and description of several
special multicast IP addresses.
Multicast IP address range Description
224.0.0.0～224.0.0.255
Reserved multicast addresses for routing protocols
and other network protocols
224.0.1.0～224.0.1.255
Addresses for video conferencing
239.0.0.0～239.255.255.255
Local management multicast addresses, which are
used in the local network only
Table 8-1 Range of the special multicast IP
2. Multicast MAC Address:
When a unicast packet is transmitted in an Ethernet network, the destination MAC address is the
MAC address of the receiver. When a multicast packet is transmitted in an Ethernet network, the
destination is not a receiver but a group with uncertain number of members, so a multicast MAC
address, a logical MAC address, is needed to be used as the destination address.
As stipulated by IANA, the high-order 24 bits of a multicast MAC address begins with 01-00-5E
while the low-order 23 bits of a multicast MAC address are the low-order 23 bits of the multicast IP
address. The mapping relationship is described as Figure 8-2.
Figure 8-2 Mapping relationship between multicast IP address and multicast MAC address
The high-order 4 bits of the IP multicast address are 1110, identifying the multicast group. Only 23
bits of the remaining low-order 28 bits are mapped to a multicast MAC address. In that way, 5 bits
of the IP multicast address is not utilized. As a result, 32 IP multicast addresses are mapped to the
same MAC addresses.
Multicast Address Table
The switch is forwarding multicast packets based on the multicast address table. As the
transmission of multicast packets can not span the VLAN, the first part of the multicast address
table is VLAN ID, based on which the received multicast packets are forwarded in the VLAN
owning the receiving port. The multicast address table is not mapped to an egress port but a group
port list. When forwarding a multicast packet, the switch looks up the multicast address table
based on the destination multicast address of the multicast packet. If the corresponding entry can
not be found in the table, the switch will broadcast the packet in the VLAN owning the receiving
port. If the corresponding entry can be found in the table, it indicates that the destination address
should be a group port list, so the switch will duplicate this multicast data and deliver each port one
copy. The general format of the multicast address table is described as Figure 8-3 below.
84
- Gigabit Smart Switch 1
- COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKS 2
- FCC STATEMENT 2
- CE Mark Warning 2
- Safety Information 3
- Package Contents 9
- Chapter 1 About this Guide 10
- Chapter 2 Introduction 14
- 2.3.2 Rear Panel 18
- 3.1 Login 20
- 3.2 Configuration 20
- Chapter 4 System 22
- 4.1.2 Device Description 23
- 4.1.3 System Time 24
- 4.1.4 Daylight Saving Time 25
- 4.1.5 System IP 26
- 4.2 User Management 27
- 4.2.2 User Config 28
- 4.3 System Tools 29
- 4.3.2 Config Backup 30
- 4.3.3 Firmware Upgrade 30
- 4.3.4 System Reboot 31
- 4.3.5 System Reset 31
- 4.4 Access Security 32
- 4.4.2 SSL Config 33
- Certificate Download 34
- Key Download 34
- 4.4.3 SSH Config 35
- Chapter 5 Switching 41
- 5.1.2 Port Mirror 42
- Mirror Group List 43
- Mirror Group 43
- Mirroring Port 43
- 5.1.3 Port Security 44
- Port Security 45
- 5.1.4 Port Isolation 46
- 5.1.5 Loopback Detection 47
- 5.2 LAG 48
- 5.2.1 LAG Table 49
- 5.2.2 Static LAG 50
- 5.2.3 LACP Config 51
- Figure 5-10 LACP Config 52
- 5.3 Traffic Monitor 53
- 5.3.2 Traffic Statistics 54
- 5.4 MAC Address 55
- 5.4.1 Address Table 56
- 5.4.2 Static Address 57
- 5.4.3 Dynamic Address 58
- Aging Config 59
- Search Option 59
- Dynamic Address Table 59
- 5.4.4 Filtering Address 60
- 5.5 DHCP Filtering 61
- DHCP Cheating Attack 63
- DHCP Filtering 64
- Trusted Port 64
- Chapter 6 VLAN 65
- 6.1 802.1Q VLAN 66
- 6.1.1 VLAN Config 67
- VLAN Create 68
- VLAN Table 68
- VLAN Membership 68
- Configure Switch B 70
- Chapter 7 Spanning Tree 71
- STP Timers 72
- STP Generation 72
- In the beginning 72
- Comparing BPDUs 73
- Selecting the root bridge 73
- MSTP 75
- Port States 75
- Port Roles 75
- 7.1 STP Config 76
- Parameters Config 77
- 7.2 Port Config 78
- Port Config 79
- 7.3 MSTP Instance 80
- 7.3.2 Instance Config 81
- 7.3.3 Instance Port Config 82
- 7.4 STP Security 84
- TC Protect 85
- BPDU Protect 85
- BPDU Filter 85
- 7.4.2 TC Protect 86
- Figure 7-11 TC Protect 87
- Configure Switch A: 88
- Configure Switch B: 88
- Configure Switch C: 89
- Configure Switch D: 89
- Chapter 8 Multicast 91
- Multicast Address 92
- Multicast Address Table 92
- 8.1 IGMP Snooping 93
- 8.1.1 Snooping Config 94
- 8.1.2 Port Config 95
- 8.1.3 VLAN Config 96
- VLAN Config 97
- 8.1.4 Multicast VLAN 98
- Configuration procedure: 99
- Network Requirements 100
- 8.2 Multicast IP 101
- 8.2.1 Multicast IP Table 102
- 8.2.2 Static Multicast IP 102
- 8.3 Multicast Filter 103
- 8.3.1 IP-Range 104
- 8.3.2 Port Filter 104
- Configuration Procedure: 105
- 8.4 Packet Statistics 106
- Chapter 9 QoS 108
- Figure 9-2 802.1Q frame 109
- Figure 9-3 IP datagram 109
- Figure 9-4 SP-Mode 110
- Figure 9-5 WRR-Mode 110
- 9.1 DiffServ 111
- 9.1.2 802.1P/CoS mapping 113
- 9.1.3 DSCP Priority 114
- 9.1.4 Schedule Mode 116
- 9.2 Bandwidth Control 117
- 9.2.2 Storm Control 118
- 9.3 Voice VLAN 120
- Port Voice VLAN Mode 121
- 9.3.1 Global Config 122
- 9.3.2 Port Config 123
- 9.3.3 OUI Config 124
- Chapter 10 ACL 126
- 10.1.3 MAC ACL 127
- 10.1.4 Standard-IP ACL 128
- 10.1.5 Extend-IP ACL 128
- 10.2 Policy Config 129
- 10.2.1 Policy Summary 130
- 10.2.2 Policy Create 130
- 10.3 Policy Binding 131
- 10.3.2 Port Binding 132
- 10.3.3 VLAN Binding 132
- Network Diagram 134
- Configuration Procedure 134
- Chapter 11 PoE 136
- 11.1.1 PoE Config 137
- Global Config 138
- 11.1.2 PoE Profile 139
- 11.2 PoE Time-Range 140
- 11.2.1 Time-Range Summary 141
- 11.2.3 PoE Holiday Config 142
- Create Holiday 143
- Holiday Table 143
- Chapter 12 SNMP 144
- MIB Introduction 145
- 12.1 SNMP Config 146
- 12.1.2 SNMP View 147
- 12.1.3 SNMP Group 148
- 12.1.4 SNMP User 149
- User Config 150
- User Table 150
- 12.1.5 SNMP Community 151
- 12.2 Notification 153
- 12.3 RMON 154
- 12.3.1 History Control 155
- 12.3.2 Event Config 156
- 12.3.3 Alarm Config 157
- Chapter 13 LLDP 159
- 13.1 Basic Config 163
- 13.1.2 Port Config 164
- 13.2 Device Info 165
- 13.3 Device Statistics 166
- Auto Refresh 167
- Global Statistics 167
- Neighbor Statistics 167
- 13.4 LLDP-MED 168
- 13.4.1 Global Config 169
- 13.4.2 Port Config 169
- LLDP-MED Port Config 170
- 13.4.3 Local Info 171
- 13.4.4 Neighbor Info 172
- Neighbor Info 173
- Chapter 14 Maintenance 174
- 14.2 Log 175
- 14.2.1 Log Table 176
- 14.2.2 Local Log 177
- 14.2.3 Remote Log 177
- 14.2.4 Backup Log 178
- 14.3 Device Diagnostics 179
- 14.4 Network Diagnostics 180
- 14.4.2 Tracert 181
- Tracert Config 182
- Appendix A: Specifications 183
- Appendix C: Glossary 186
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